Overtraining and detraining

     Overtraining can be defined as excessive exercise resulting in extreme fatigue, illness, or injury. Excessive exercise may come in the form of insufficient rest, recovery, and/or nutrition. Overreaching refers to overtraining performed over a short duration and can be corrected with a just a few days of rest. It can be a vital component of a training program, when used to overwork the body and then taper to rebound in performance. When used correctly, overreaching can result in improved strength and power. However, when performed unintentionally, it can result in decreased performance and possible injury.

      Overreaching can lead to overtraining syndrome, which is referred to as staleness, and may consist of a plateau or decrease in performance. This syndrome can last as long as 6 months, and the two types are sympathetic (elevated heart rate) and parasympathetic (decreased heart rate) overtraining syndrome. The most common mistake in a training program is the progression of either the volume or intensity at a rate that is above the individual’s capacity. There have been instances of mood disturbances associated with overtraining syndrome. These disturbances may persist as decreased vigor, motivation, confidence, concentration, and elevated levels of tension, depression, anger, fatigue, anxiety, and irritability.

      Detraining is the cessation of anaerobic training (sprinting, resistance training) or extreme decrease in frequency, volume, intensity, or combination of the three. This can result in losses in performance and physiological adaptations associated with resistance training. Detraining can occur in as little as 2 weeks and potentially sooner in well-trained athletes. You may experience strength decreases and a loss in muscle mass as the detraining period progresses. Strength losses should return to previous levels, once the athlete has restarted their training program.

     At this point, you should be at least a month into your training program for the Beast on the Bay. As with any new type of training, it’s easy to go all out and not allow ample time for recovery between sessions.  It’s imperative to understand the difference between training, overtraining and detraining. Obviously, the goal in any training program is to focus on the variables associated with the event you’re training for and avoid anything that may deter your desired outcomes. A properly structured training program consists of appropriate levels of intensity (%max heart rate), load (weight), volume (sets and reps), and frequency (training days/week).  The rate of progression in intensity throughout your training program will dictate whether or not you become over-trained.

Beast on the Bay Blog: Aerobic Endurance Training

The Beast on the Bay requires a combination of energy systems from its participants and thus, must be implemented in a training program. The types of aerobic training programs are as follows:

1. Long, Slow Distance Training (LSD)

                LSD training is also known as “conversation exercise”, because you should be running at a pace that is conducive to being able to carry on a conversation with someone. The physiological benefits of this type of training include enhanced cardiovascular and thermoregulatory function, improved oxidative capacity of skeletal muscle, and increased ability in using fat as a fuel. Too much of this training may be disadvantageous to competition, due to the lower intensity.

2. Pace/Tempo Training

                This type of training is also known as “threshold training” or “aerobic/anaerobic interval training” and should be at race competition intensity or slightly higher. You can perform this program in two different ways, steady and/or intermittent. Steady pace/tempo training is continuous for approximately 20-30 minutes at an intensity that is slightly above race pace. Intermittent pace/tempo training is referred to as “tempo intervals”, since is consists of shorter bouts of exercise with small recovery periods between intervals. In both programs, if the workout seems fairly easy, it’s better to increase the distance, rather than the intensity.

3. Interval Training

                This type of training enables you to work at intensities close to VO2max for a longer duration than would be possible at a continuous high intensity. The work intervals can be as short as 30 seconds, but preferably between 3 and 5 minutes. It’s imperative that you have already established a solid base of aerobic endurance training prior to performing an interval program. 

4. Repetition Training

                It should be performed at intensities greater than VO2max, with the work intervals lasting from 30-90 seconds. This program relies heavily on anaerobic metabolism, so you will need ample time to recover between bouts. With this program, you can expect to acquire greater running speed, enhanced running economy, and improved tolerance of anaerobic metabolism. It’s also beneficial for the final stretch of an aerobic event, when you really want to give your all.

5. Fartlek Training

                This is a combination of the four other types of training previously discussed. It calls upon basically all systems of the body and helps in changing up your daily training, by reducing the monotony of your workouts. It may enhance VO2max and lactate threshold, while improving running economy and fuel utilization. 

Here's to Cheers!

     Barber Beast on the Bay Cheer Zones are back and bigger and better!  We’ll have more Cheer Zones this year that all have great surprises in store for participants.  Not only will they be cheering you on, but they will be adding to the fun and encouraging participant involvement.

     Last year, participants selected the Gannon Ultimate Frisbee team as their favorite cheer zone.  The Frisbee players are back and they’ll have an energetic tunnel to run through, just like the ones athletes run through at sporting events.  This is sure to get participants pumped up for the beastly challenges.

     Since most of the course is on the beach, why not have a little bit of beach fun? Gannon University’s Alpha Sigma Tau will be throwing a beach party.  When you arrive at the party, will you hula with them, or sing along to the beach-themed tunes? This cheer zone will be sure to get you in the mood for the water and sand ahead!

     The Waldameer hill near the end of the course is known to be a tough challenge for participants who are already worn out by the Beast.  It has earned its title, “Heartbreak Hill.”  Don’t be cruel, you say? No—we wouldn’t let you face this alone! The Erie Playhouse will be there with the cast of Elvis Has Left the Building for some gyrating and a spectacle that will give you the final boost you need.  You will also find the Erie Playhouse and the casts of All Shook Up and The Little Mermaid at other points of the course to keep you energized and pumped up for the obstacles ahead.

     Do you know a group that would be interested in forming a Cheer Zone?  Prize money is awarded for the top three winners selected by Beast participants!  Sign up at http://www.barberbeast.org/get-involved/cheer-zone or email questions to BarberBeast@BarberInstitute.org

Krauza’s Krazies Beast on the Bay Training Schedule 2015

Cost: $5 donation to Barber National Institute for each workout attended. Money will be collected at the start of each workout.

Workouts will be one hour in duration, rain or shine. Please come dressed for the weather conditions of the day. Bring water, towel, and a willingness to work! We will get wet during the beach workouts, but we won’t be swimming. You do not need to be a strong swimmer for the beach workouts.

Please continue training during the week in between workouts. You may continue your training with the outdoor workout group Team Adrenaline. See Dr. Steven Krauza for details on price, time, and location of the Team Adrenaline workouts.

Dates:

July 18	Shades Beach	7:30 AM
July 25	Frontier Park	7:30 AM
August 1	Stull Center, PI	7:30 AM
August 9 (Sunday)	Sara’s, PI	7:30 AM
August 15	Iroquois Elementary	7:30 AM
August 22	Stull Center, PI	7:30 AM
August 29	Frontier Park	7:30 AM
September 5	Beach 1 Parking Lot	7:30 AM

Beach Training

     If you haven’t already, it’s time to start training at the beach. You want to do a combination of strength (body weight exercises) and cardiovascular (sand running) training. Your time at the beach is more important than your time in the gym, since the beach is where the Beast takes place. You’ll be surprised how much the sand can break down your legs and tax muscles you aren’t used to using when you run on pavement. The sand acts as a shock absorber for your joints, but it requires far more muscle activation from your core and legs.

     Sand running becomes easier the more you do it, due to the micro adjustments your body makes. You want to adopt more of a shuffling running gait, as opposed to the gait you utilize on pavement.  When you shuffle, you glide across the surface of the beach, making you more energy efficient and effective in your speed. It’s imperative that you don’t run along the water and instead, stay up on the beach closer to the tree line. The sand along the water is completely saturated, which can cause you to sink and make it more difficult to run. The water’s edge is slanted, causing more stress on your knees and ankles than when you are on a flat surface. When you run along the shoreline, you will be running almost twice as far than if you run up on the beach. The shoreline is a winding path, so by staying up on the beach, I run a straight line and I’ve been able to pass a large number of participants that were running along the water. Since your feet will be getting wet, I recommend not wearing socks with your running shoes. Socks cause a lot of friction when they’re wet, and that friction can cause blisters. Sand is going to get in your shoes no matter what you do, and bare feet will adapt more efficiently.

     Your strength training regimen should involve body weight exercises, which are listed in the following table.

Push-Ups	Sit-Ups	Jumping Jacks
Squats	Lunges	Leg Lifts
Bear Crawls	Planks	Low Crawling
Mountain Climbers	Burpees	Alligator Walks

     In my Beach Boot Camp program, we perform each of these exercises partly submerged in the lake water, at the level of our knees. Jumping jacks at this depth, activates your abductors and adductors due to the water resistance. Mountain climbers and push-ups at the water’s edge, are more difficult due to the water pulling away the sand out from under your hands, requiring more abdominal strength. I recommend including a sand bag or weighted back pack for enhancing your beach strength training program. With these included, you can then perform exercises from the following table.

Squat w/ Shoulder Press	Power Clean	Bicep Curl
Lunge w/ Shoulder Press	Supine Chest Press	Snatch
Running w/ Weight (25-50 lbs)	Farmer Walks	Bent-Over Row

     We do the majority of our training from Beach 6 to Beach 8 and utilize every natural obstacle along the way. My favorite location is just after Pettinato Beach, and it’s a large sand hill that we use for bear crawls, sprints and loaded carries. It’s perfect for both strength training and cardiovascular conditioning. If you don’t live near a beach, I suggest finding any type of hill, whether it’s made of pavement, grass or dirt. It will definitely be a beneficial component of your training regimen. 

-Dave Hopkins, M.S. ACSM-HFS, NSCA-CSCS

Fitness Supervisor

LECOM Medical Fitness & Wellness Center

5401 Peach Street Erie, PA 16509

Phone:(814)868-7800

Fax:(814)868-7804

dhopkins@powerwellness.com

www.lecomwellness.com

The Nutrition of a Beast

Proper nutrition is essential to any training program. You will need to adequately prepare with food before you work out, during your workout, and after your workout for recovery. By breaking your sessions down into durations, you can plan your pre-workout meals more easily and effectively.  Your nutrition plan should be measured by the amount of macronutrients (carbohydrates, fats, and proteins) you consume. Along with macronutrients, are micronutrients (vitamins and minerals), electrolytes (sodium and potassium), and water. We’ll start with carbs and work our way to hydration.

                

Carbs are the primary source of energy for endurance activities and should be the focus of your diet when your workouts are at least an hour in duration.  Carbs are broken down into glucose during digestion and then stored in the form of glycogen in your muscles and liver. It is the broken down form of carbs that is most important for your training session and should be consumed the day prior. Here’s a list of healthy carbohydrate sources:

Whole Grain/Wheat Breads	Quinoa	Sweet Potatoes
Brown Rice	Oats	Beans
Fruits (bananas, blueberries)	Vegetables	Whole Wheat or Gluten-Free Pasta (quinoa, brown rice)

The following table can be used as a guide for determining grams of carbs you should consume the day before a training session. If you’re running more than 8 miles, you should consume a simple sugar (gel, GU chomp, gummi bears) during your run every 45-60 minutes. Water intake should be before you feel thirsty (8 ounces) and taken regularly (10-30 minutes) throughout the session.

               

 Healthy fats are next on the list of importance for endurance activities. Fats can be divided into groups of saturated (animal fat, and tropical oils like coconut), monounsaturated (olive oil, and peanuts), and polyunsaturated (soy, corn, sunflower, and safflower oils). Fats should constitute between 20% and 35% of the total calories consumed per day, with less than 10% coming from saturated fat sources. If your daily fat consumption is below 15%, you may experience a decrease in metabolic rate and muscle development. Here’s a list of foods consisting of healthy fats:

Peanut Butter	Avocado	Almonds
Coconut Oil	Extra Virgin Olive Oil	Safflower Oil
Sunflower Seeds	Tofu	Almond Butter

Protein is imperative for muscle development and preservation. Daily recommended intake for protein ranges from 0.8 g/kg – 2.0 g/kg of body weight, depending on activity level of the individual. The key is to start at the low range of the spectrum, see how your body responds for a couple weeks and then increase gradually. Here’s a list of healthy protein sources:

Sirloin Steak	Chicken	Ground Turkey 94%-99% Lean
Eggs	Tofu or Tempeh	Beans
Protein Powders (Whey, Casein, Split-Pea, Brown Rice)	Fish (Salmon, Tilapia, White Fish)	Shellfish (Shrimp, Crab, Scallops)

Water intake for men should be at least 3.7 L/day and 2.7/day for women. I recommend drinking up to a quart of water before you go to sleep and up to a quart as soon as you wake up. Electrolyte consumption should be 2 – 4 g/day for sodium, and 2 – 4 g/day for potassium. Coconut water has 18% of your daily potassium requirements and bananas have 14%. Drink 1 pint of water for every pound of weight lost during your session for fluid replacement. Every body is different, so it’s important to transition gradually into any nutrition program.  

-Dave Hopkins, M.S. ACSM-HFS, NSCA-CSCS

Fitness Supervisor

LECOM Medical Fitness & Wellness Center

5401 Peach Street Erie, PA 16509

Phone:(814)868-7800

Fax:(814)868-7804

dhopkins@powerwellness.com

www.lecomwellness.com

Plyometrics!

Plyometric exercise refers to quick, powerful movements, using both the natural elastic components of muscle and tendon, and the stretch reflex. By integrating plyometrics into your training program, you will enhance your ability to successfully complete the obstacles in the Beast on the Bay. You will be jumping up and over obstacles, which will then require you to safely land on the other side. In order to safely perform these movements, you need to adept with takeoffs and landings in a training setting. So, I’ve put together a number of warm-up drills and exercises that will address these skills. The following table consists of examples of plyometric warm-up drills.

Drill	Explanation
Marching	Mimics running movements Emphasizes posture and movement technique
Toe Jogging	Heel doesn’t touch ground
Straight-Leg Jogging	Minimize knee bending
Butt-Kickers	Allow heels to reach glutes
Skipping	Emphasis on quick takeoff and landing
Lunging	May be multidirectional (forward, back, side, diagonal)

Plyometric Exercises for the Lower Body
Jumps in Place	Jumping and landing in the same spot without resting between jumps Emphasis on vertical component
Standing Jumps	Emphasis on vertical and horizontal component Maximal effort with rest between jumps
Multiple Hops and Jumps	Emphasis on horizontal component May form a zigzag
Bounds	Multidirectional movement May be single-leg or double-leg
Box Drills	Jumping on the box or stepping off and landing May be single-leg, double-leg, or alternating legs
Depth Jumps	Emphasis on landing, then immediately jumping vertically, horizontally, or onto another box May be single-leg or double-leg

To establish a plyometric training regimen, we have to address frequency, recovery, volume, program length, and progression. Frequency refers to the number of training sessions per week and can range from 1-3, with 48-72 hours between sessions. Due to the nature of plyometrics requiring maximal effort to improve anaerobic power, it is imperative to have adequate recovery between repetitions and sets. For example, recovery for depth jumps may be 5-10 seconds between repetitions and 2-3 minutes between sets. Work-to-rest ratios are a great way to determine recovery time between sets. Ratios of 1:5 to 1:10 are common for plyometric training. So, if the drill requires 30 seconds of work, you should rest anywhere from 2 ½ -5 minutes until you perform another set. Training volume refers to sets and repetitions per workout session and is expressed as foot contacts on a surface, or distance covered.

Plyometric Experience	Volume in Contacts Per Session
Beginner (no experience)	80 – 100
Intermediate (some experience)	100 – 120
Advanced (considerable experience)	120 - 140

The length of your plyometric program should range from 6-10 weeks, which gives you plenty of time between now and the Beast on the Bay. Throughout your program, you should be increasing training frequency, volume, and intensity by way of progressive overload. As intensity increases, volume decreases. Reassess these aspects of your program every 2-3 weeks, to ensure that you are improving either the number of foot contacts, or distance covered per session. I know that you will enhance your performance in the Beast on the Bay by employing the drills and exercises I’ve listed. Please contact me with any questions.  

-Dave Hopkins, M.S. ACSM-HFS, NSCA-CSCS

Fitness Supervisor

LECOM Medical Fitness & Wellness Center

5401 Peach Street Erie, PA 16509

Phone:(814)868-7800

Fax:(814)868-7804

dhopkins@powerwellness.com

www.lecomwellness.com